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The Cape of Good Hope ((アフリカーンス語:Kaap die Goeie Hoop) (:ˌkɑːp di ˌχujə ˈɦoə̯p), (オランダ語:Kaap de Goede Hoop) ,〔In Dutch, "Kaap" in isolation is pronounced (:ˌkaːp).〕 (ポルトガル語:Cabo da Boa Esperança) (:ˈkaβu ðɐ ˈβow.wɐ ʃpɨˈɾɐ̃sɐ)) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. There is a misconception that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa, because it was once believed to be the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In fact, the southernmost point is Cape Agulhas, about to the east-southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm-water Agulhas current meets the cold water Benguela current and turns back on itself—a point that fluctuates between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about 1.2 kilometers east of the Cape of Good Hope). When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier).〔(The first circumnavigation of Africa )〕 Dias called the cape ''Cabo das Tormentas'' ("Cape of Storms"), which was the original name of the "Cape of Good Hope". As one of the great capes of the South Atlantic Ocean, the Cape of Good Hope has long been of special significance to sailors, many of whom refer to it simply as "the Cape."〔''Along the Clipper Way'', Francis Chichester; page 78. Hodder & Stoughton, 1966. ISBN 0-340-00191-7〕 It is a waypoint on the clipper route followed by clipper ships to the Far East and Australia, and still followed by several offshore yacht races. The term ''Cape of Good Hope'' is also used in three other ways: *It is a section of the Table Mountain National Park, within which the cape of the same name, as well as Cape Point, falls. Prior to its incorporation into the national park this section constituted the Cape Point Nature Reserve;〔(Map of the Park, showing the Cape of Good Hope section (retrieved 27 March 2010). )〕 *It was the name of the early Cape Colony established by the Dutch in 1652, on the Cape Peninsula. *Just before the Union of South Africa was formed, the term referred to the entire region that in 1910 was to become the Cape of Good Hope Province (usually shortened to ''the Cape Province''). == History == (詳細はBartolomeu Dias 12 March in 1488, who named it the "Cape of Storms" (''Cabo das Tormentas''). It was later renamed by John II of Portugal as "Cape of Good Hope" (''Cabo da Boa Esperança'') because of the great optimism engendered by the opening of a sea route to India and the East. The land around the cape was home to the Khoikhoi people when the Dutch first settled there in 1652. The Khoikhoi had arrived in these parts about fifteen hundred years before. They were called Hottentots by the Dutch, a term that has now come to be regarded as pejorative. Dutch colonial administrator Jan van Riebeeck established a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company some 50 km north of the cape in Table Bay on 6 April 1652 and this eventually developed into Cape Town. Supplies of fresh food were vital on the long journey around Africa and Cape Town became known as "The Tavern of the Seas". On 31 December 1687 a community of Huguenots-who are Protestants- arrived at the Cape of Good Hope from the Netherlands. They had escaped to the Netherlands from France in order to flee religious persecution there; examples of these are Pierre Joubert who came from La Motte-d'Aigues for religious reasons. The Dutch East India Company needed skilled farmers at the Cape of Good Hope and the Dutch Government saw opportunities for the Huguenots at the Cape and sent them over. The colony gradually grew over the next 150 years or so until it stretched for hundreds of kilometres to the north and north-east. When the Dutch Republic, during the Napoleonic Wars, was occupied by the French in 1795, henceforth becoming their vassal and enemy of the British, the United Kingdom invaded and occupied the Cape Colony that same year; relinquished control of the territory in 1803; only to return and reoccupy the Cape on 19 January 1806 following the Battle of Blaauwberg. The territory was ceded to the British in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 and was thereafter administered as the Cape Colony. It remained a British colony until being incorporated into the independent Union of South Africa in 1910 (now known as the Republic of South Africa). The Portuguese government erected two navigational beacons, Dias Cross and Gama Cross, to commemorate Vasco da Gama and Bartolomeu Dias as explorers who as mentioned were the first explorers to reach the cape. When lined up, the crosses point to Whittle Rock (), a large, permanently submerged shipping hazard in False Bay. Two other beacons in Simon's Town provide the intersection. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cape of Good Hope」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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